渤海湾西岸全新世海面变化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李建芬  商志文  王福  陈永胜  田立柱  姜兴钰  王宏 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

在讨论海面标志点基本定义的基础上,从渤海湾西岸534个原始数据中获得了136个指示高水位、潮间带或低水位的海面变化标志点,并重建了它们的相对海平面时空分布,进而获得了渤海湾西岸全新世相对海平面变化带.约10cal.ka B.P.时,相对海平面变化带达到-25m,以约6m/1000a(即约6mm/a)的平均速率上升,在6cal.ka B.P.前后达到现代海面的高度;6cal.ka B.P.至今,变化带的高度介于+1m～-2m之间,未发现中全新世相对高海面.再搬运海相贝类和陆相泥炭类样品的14C年龄,分别存在约600年和660年的驻留时间.经过驻留时间校正的新海面变化年代学序列,将渤海湾相对海平面达到现代高度的时间点确定为约6cal.ka B.P.,从而与全球海面变化的对比更为准确.渤海湾盆地的长期稳定下沉和沉积自重压实的共同作用,可能抵消了冰川均衡调整(GIA)引起的中全新世数米高的相对高海面.  相似文献   

均质土岸坡崩塌与河床冲淤交互过程试验     

李国敏  余明辉  陈曦  胡呈维 《水科学进展》2015,26(1):66-73

在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究水力冲刷过程中均质土岸坡冲刷崩塌输移与河床冲淤过程及其影响因素。该过程及变化特征可描述为:水下坡面侵蚀及坡脚淘刷导致岸坡失稳崩塌;暂时堆积在凹岸坡脚处的崩塌体加剧附近水流紊动程度利于其输运与分解;分解后较粗的颗粒随弯道螺旋流以推移质形式被输移至下游凸岸落淤,较细的颗粒大部分都随水流以悬移质形式被携带至下游出口;水流结构随岸坡及河床变形而调整;如此循环往复。试验成果进一步表明:冲刷状态下,试验材料黏性越小、近岸流速越大、作用时间越长,岸坡冲刷崩塌量及河床冲刷量都越大;同条件下岸坡冲刷崩塌总量大于河床冲刷总量,且河床相对冲刷率随岸坡冲刷崩塌量的增大而减小,数值范围为0.40~0.92。  相似文献   

30ka以来南海东北部陆坡坡底沉积有机质的长链正构烷烃特征及其古植被意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨楚鹏  刘芳  常晓红  廖泽文  胡建芳  李顺  李学杰  姚永坚 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

为探寻南海深海平原区的有机质组成特征、来源及其所反映的古气候/环境演化信息,对南海东北部深水区的ZSQD289沉积柱状样品进行了正构烷烃组成及其单体稳定碳同位素的相关分析,结合孢粉鉴定结果,重点探讨该沉积区末次冰期以来陆源输入变化、源区的古植被演化及其气候响应因素.结果表明:30ka以来,南海东北部深海陆坡坡底的沉积有机质以洋/陆混源为特征,且以海洋自生生产力贡献为主,其生源贡献存在明显的冰期/间冰期旋回变化特征,冰期时陆源有机质输入明显高于全新世间冰期;其陆源有机质应该主要由台湾南部河流输入,在低海平面时通过海底峡谷搬运至此,其过程中可能受到西太平洋底流和黑潮的影响.该沉积源区植被演化经历了C3/C4植物互为消长的变化过程,但30ka以来主要还是以C3植物占优势,由此推测末次冰期以来源区(台湾岛南部)不存在明显的干旱化,冰期虽然温度较低但气候比较湿润.  相似文献   

坝上草原相关花粉源范围与相对花粉产量估算     

葛亚汶  李月丛  李英  阳小兰  张茹春  许清海 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

基于坝上草原地区30个采样点表土花粉分析和植被调查的研究结果显示,花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科等草本植物为主,基本能够反映草原植被特征,但花粉百分比与其在植被中盖度差异明显.运用Extended R-Value(ERV)模型估算的坝上草原区相关花粉源范围大致为2100m,当风速大于3.5m/s时,基本稳定,受风速影响不大.估算的相对花粉产量结果显示,蒿属和藜科的相对花粉产量最高,为禾本科的20倍左右;其次为莎草科和菊科,为禾本科的7～9倍;百合科略高于禾本科;旋花科、豆科、唇形科及委陵菜属的相对花粉产量则明显低于禾本科.利用相对花粉产量对花粉与植被关系的校正结果表明:蒿属、藜科的校正效果明显,其相对花粉产量可以作为定量重建古植被的参考;莎草科、菊科、百合科和唇形科由于受植被和花粉数据梯度限制,其相对花粉产量能否用于植被与花粉关系的校正有待通过更多植被群落调查进一步证实;其他花粉类型由于在花粉组合中含量多低于5％,所以在校正花粉与植被关系时的作用不明显.  相似文献   

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Yu  Zhu Gengrui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):791-801

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.  相似文献   

PHREEQC在济南泉水来源判别中的应用与效果     

徐衍兰  高宗军  李佳佳 《地下水》2015,(1):4-5

为验证济南泉域的泉水来源,选取趵突泉周围13个取样点岩溶水中的微量元素Ba和Sr,运用PHREEQC软件对这两种元素进行不同比例的混合。结果表明,济南南部山区、东郊、西郊等处的岩溶水都对趵突泉泉水有不同程度的贡献,并首次试算出各个方向来水比例。这从水化学的角度说明,趵突泉水的来源是多源的。  相似文献   

The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates     

Huang Sijing  Li Xiaoning  Wu Wenhui  Zhang Meng  Hu Zuowei  Liu Sibing  Huang Keke  Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

Prediction of Seafloors Polymetallic Sulphides Resources in the North Atlantic Ridge Area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fang Jie  Sun Jingwen  Xu Hongqing  Ye Jinhua  Chen Jianping  Ren Mengyi  Tangchao 《地球科学进展》2015,30(1):60-68

  相似文献   

某铅锌尾矿库对地下水环境影响及防治措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任旭 《地下水》2015,(2)

铅锌尾矿的浸出液中含有重金属等对地下水环境有重要影响的污染因子。利用地下水数值模拟专业软件GMS,结合研究区水文地质条件,对不同工况下地下水环境的影响程度及范围进行模拟计算。结果表明,达到Ⅱ类工业固体废弃物处置场规定的防渗要求条件下,尾矿库运行浸出液下渗量有限(2.8 m3/d),并不会使区域地下水超出《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准,而防渗层仅出现10%破损时,浸出液下渗量为(97.22 m3/d),使地下水下游方向50 m内地下水中Pb超出Ⅲ类标准,超标范围约0.0375 km2。反映出该类处置场中的防渗措施是对地下水环境保护的重要保证。  相似文献   

广西罗城岩溶地下水资源量分析与评价     

石树静 《地下水》2015,(4)

根据广西罗城县的地质条件、岩溶发育特征、含水介质、赋存及水动力等条件,划分其岩溶地下水系统。结合含水层富水性,分别采用降水入渗系数法、容积法和枯季径流模数法对罗城县地下水天然补给量、地下水储存资源量和可开采资源量进行评价。结果表明全区地下水多年平均天然补给量34 189.75万m3/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量34 083.32万m3/a,全区岩溶地下水储存量为116 584.25万m3/a;可开采资源量为7125.67万m3/a。研究结果可为广西罗城县岩溶地下水的开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献